IFC NewsList  -  June 2001

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06 08 01 - No State Inquest for Robert Hamill 

06 06 01 - No Murder Charge for Quinn Boys' Accused 

06 06 01 - European Court Rules against Britain 

06 05 01 - Climate of Fear for Lawyers Working in the North 

06 05 01 - Bernadette Devlin McAliskey in NY

06 03 01 - The New Face of British Occupation - Regulation of Investigatory Powers
Bill 

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From: Irish Freedom Committee News List 
Sent: Thursday, June 08, 2000 8:52 AM
Subject: No State Inquest for Robert Hamill


No State Inquest for Robert Hamill

The Crown Coroner in Belfast issued a statement yesterday determining that
the mob murder of Robert Hamill will not be investigated by the State,
because witnesses lives might be put in danger.

It is unclear from the statement if the Coroner is specifically referring
to the potential danger for mob attacks from loitering Loyalist gangs,
which the RUC has already shown to have no interest or ability in
preventing.

Robert Hamill was kicked to death on his way home from a Church dance in
Portadown on April 27, 1997. An RUC Landrover, manned with four RUC
officers armed with body armour, plastic bullets, revolvers, machine guns,
riot gear, and sophisticated communications devices watched the entire
event from 20 yards away. The police barracks were located 200 yards from
the scene; a little over one US city block away.

The obvious message to the world is that the murder of Robert Hammill has
been fully sanctioned by the RUC, the NIO, the Belfast Coroner, and the
entire British Government.


For further information on the Robert Hamill Campaign, see their website
at:

http://www.bigwig.net/hamill

Please sign the on-line petition. The family will continue to pursue an
independent inquiry against the RUC, which investigated itself following
the public outcry but found its officers innocent of any wrongdoing.

The Irish Freedom Committee
www.irishfreedomcommittee.net

***************************************************
Killing Inquest Dropped After Fears Over Witness Safety

PA 06/07/00 06:13

Copyright 2000 PA News

By Rosie Cowan, PA News

There will be no inquest into the killing of a man who died in 
hospital 10 days after being beaten up by a mob within yards of a 
police Land Rover, because witnesses' lives would be in danger, a 
coroner said today.

Nationalists have called for an independent inquiry into the death 
of Portadown Catholic Robert Hamill on 27 April 1997.

A statement from Greater Belfast Coroner James Leckey said he had 
regrettably decided not to hold an inquest due to concerns for the 
safety of certain witnesses. It is understood these are civilians.

"He is satisfied their lives would be placed in danger if their 
evidence were to be given at, or placed in documentary form before an 
inquest," said the statement.

"The Coroner believes that if an inquest were to be held without 
the evidence of these witnesses a seriously incomplete account of the 
circumstances of Mr Hamill's death would be given, which would not add 
materially to the evidence already in the public domain."

But the statement added: "The circumstances surrounding Mr Hamill's 
death are profoundly disturbing and but for the consideration 
mentioned would undoubtedly require that an inquest should be held."

Murder charges against one man, Paul Rodney Marc Hobson, were 
dropped in March last year but he was sentenced to four years for his 
part in causing a public affray.

Charges against five others were withdrawn due to lack of evidence.

Police investigated claims that RUC officers failed to intervene at 
the scene of the attack but the Director of Public Prosecutions found 
there were no grounds for a case against any officer.

The Coroner's statement added that the Hamill family's solicitor 
had agreed that no useful public purpose would be served by an 
inquest.

But Sinn Fein Upper Bann Assemblywoman Dara O'Hagan condemned the 
decision as "a disgrace" and called for an independent inquiry.

"The state has failed Robert Hamill and his family since the night 
he was murdered in April 1997.

"The four RUC personnel who sat in a Jeep as Robert was brutally 
kicked to death failed him and his family. The subsequent RUC 
investigation failed Robert, his family and all those concerned with 
justice and human rights.

"The legal system that failed to convict anyone for his murder also 
failed Robert. This latest decision strengthens the case for a totally 
independent inquiry," she said.


***************************************************

(Statement from Belfast Coroner --- Wednesday June 6, 2000)

Forwarded Press Release from Belfast Coroner 
ROBERT HAMILL, DECEASED
The Coroner for Greater Belfast, Mr J.L.Leckey, has decided not to hold an
inquest into the death of Robert Hamill who died in the Royal Victoria
Hospital, Belfast on 8 May 1997 from severe head injuries sustained when
he was assaulted in Portadown in the early hours of Sunday 27 April 1997.
The circumstances surrounding Mr Hamill’s death are profoundly disturbing
and, but for the consideration mentioned below, would undoubtedly require
that an inquest be held. However, after much anxious consideration, and
with great regret, the Coroner has concluded in this instance that an
inquest should not be held.
He has reached this conclusion solely because of his concerns for the
safety of certain witnesses. He is satisfied that their lives would be
placed in danger if their evidence were to be given at, or placed in
documentary form before an inquest. Because of these concerns he has come
to the reluctant conclusion that their evidence could not be introduced at
an inquest.
The Coroner believes that if an inquest were to be held without the
evidence of these witnesses a seriously incomplete account of the
circumstances of Mr Hamill’s death would be given, which would not add
materially to the evidence already in the public domain following the
trial of Paul Rodney Marc Hobson. Accordingly, in these circumstance, he
has concluded that no useful public purpose would be served by holding an
inquest. The same view has been expressed to the Coroner by the solicitor
acting for Mr Hamill’s next of kin
END
***************************************************
Other related stories in IFC Updates Archives:

”ICPC Produces Worthless Document” -- Friday May 19, 2000

“The Culture of Lynching” -- Thursday May 4, 2000

“New Sites to Bookmark” (Seamus Ludlow Inquiry) -- Tuesday March 28, 2000

“The ‘New’ RUC” (ICPC/ Internal RUC policing)-- Wednesday January 19, 2000
***************************************************

TOP

From: Irish Freedom Committee News List 
Sent: Tuesday, June 06, 2000 2:37 PM
Subject: No Murder Charge for Quinn Boys' Accused

No Murder Charge for Quinn Boys' Accused


A judge ruled yesterday that Garfield Gilmour, who had been charged in the
murder of the three Quinn boys 2 years ago, will have his sentence
overturned on appeal. The judge determined that in most cases petrol
bombings don’t end in death, but only “a blaze which might do some damage,
put the occupants in fear and intimidate them into moving from the
house.'' As this, according to the judge, is the expected outcome of a
petrol bombing; the subsequent deaths of the three boys would not be Mr.
Gilmour’s fault. 

The judgment flies in the face of earlier evidence which showed that Mr.
Gilmour was well aware of whose home he was attacking, and in fact had a
long-standing “grudge” against the uncle of the Quinn boys, who did not
live in the home that was attacked. The Quinn family had come under
threat in the preceding weeks, due to the mixed marriage of the Catholic
mother and Protestant father. The three boys, ages 9 to 11, were burned
alive on July 12, 1998. 

The Irish Freedom Committee
www.irishfreedomcommittee.net
***********************************************
Irish Independent, June 6, 2000
http://www.independent.ie/2000/157/d06c.shtml

Garfield Gilmour: manslaughter 

Man cleared of murdering three Quinn boys 

By IVAN McMICHAEL 

A MAN was cleared on appeal yesterday of murdering the three Quinn 
brothers who died in a sectarian petrol bomb attack two years ago. 

But Garfield Gilmour (25) was convicted of the manslaughter of the boys in
their home at Ballymoney, Co Antrim on July 12, 1998. Richard (11), Mark
(10) and Jason Quinn (9) were trapped by the flames and died from the
effects of carbon monoxide poisoning. Their killing came at the height of
violence sparked by the Orange parade stand-off at Drumcree. 

Gilmour, from Newhill Park, Ballymoney, had been sentenced to life. He can
expect a shorter prison term when he is sentenced, probably later this
month. 

After the verdict in the Belfast Court of Appeal, Gilmour was taken back
to prison. 

The three appeal judges - Lord Chief Justice Sir Robert Carswell, Lord
Justice Nicholson and Mr Justice Coghlin - also quashed Gilmour's
convictions and concurrent sentences of 12 years on charges of causing
grievous bodily harm to the boys' mother Christine Quinn, her then
boyfriend Raymond Craig and Christina Archibald, a family friend. 

Gilmour was convicted last October by Lord Justice McCollum who found 
that when he drove other men to the Quinn home at Carnany Park he was 
aware they intended to carry out a petrol bomb attack and that their
intention was to cause grievous bodily harm. 

The judge said it was a ``UVF attack with a clear inference that its
motive was sectarian''. 

Gilmour's appeal was heard in April when his lawyer argued that the
evidence at his trial did not prove he knew the men in his car had any
murderous intent until the last minute when he saw a large whiskey bottle
full of petrol. 

In yesterday's judgment, Sir Robert Carswell said the issue on which the
appeal turned was the intention to be attributed to Gilmour and whether
the trial judge's conclusion that he realised the petrol bomb was to be
used to cause serious injury could be sustained. 

Sir Robert said petrol bombing of houses was regrettably common but it was
only rarely that people were injured and the majority caused only minor
fires. 

``It would be difficult to attribute to him with any degree of certainty
an intention that the attack should result in more than a blaze which
might do some damage, put the occupants in fear and intimidate them into
moving from the house.'' 

***********************************************
The Irish News
June 6, 2000
Family of Quinn boys incensed by verdict
By Alan Erwin



THE outraged family of the tragic Quinn brothers last night condemned
Northern Ireland’s top judge for comments made as he cleared a man of
their murder.

Garfield Gilmour (25), from Newhill Park, Ballymoney, was convicted of the
manslaughter of Richard (11), 10-year-old Mark and Jason (9) at the court
of appeal in Belfast yesterday.

The three children were killed in a petrol bomb attack on their Ballymoney
home on July 12 1998 during that year’s Drumcree standoff.

Making his ruling, Lord Chief Justice Sir Robert Carswell said petrol
bombing houses was regrettably common but only rarely were people injured
and most caused only minor fires.

He said it would be difficult to be certain Gilmour intended the attack to
cause any more than “a blaze which might do some damage” and intimidate
the occupants into moving house.

“There is not sufficient evidence to conclude that the appellant (Gilmour)
was aware that the petrol was contained in an unusually large bottle which
might be expected to cause a larger conflagration and result in greater
danger to the occupants,” the judge added.

But the boys’ uncle, Frankie Quinn, was incensed by his comments.

“The judge should have been there that night. He wouldn’t have said what
he said,” Mr Quinn insisted.

“They didn’t throw an ordinary petrol bomb, they threw in a gallon of
petrol.

“That was thrown in so that it killed everyone in the house. They tried to
murder everybody in the house. It was a planned operation by the UVF.”

SDLP assembly member John Dallat branded the lord chief justice “totally
irresponsible”.

“A petrol bomb is no different from a bullet, nobody can be sure who is
going to be killed by it. 

“Over the years petrol bombs have caused a lot of deaths.”

Mr Quinn also expressed dismay that Gilmour can now expect a shorter
prison term when he is sentenced, probably later this month.

“I’m angry that it has got reduced to manslaughter. That shouldn’t have
happened,” he said.

Gilmour had been sentenced to three life terms for the attack after
driving others to the Quinn home at Carnany Park.

When he was convicted last October the judge said from the evidence he was
convinced he had “aided and abetted” the UVF attack.

At his appeal in April his lawyer argued evidence in his trial did not
prove he knew those in his car intended to murder until the last minute.

The lord chief justice – along with Lord Justice Nicholson and Mr Justice
Coghlin – also quashed Gilmour’s convictions and concurrent sentences of
12 years on charges of causing grievous bodily harm to the boys’ mother
Christine Quinn, her former partner Raymond Craig and family friend
Christina Archibald.
***********************************************
Sunday Tribune
October 31, 1999
By Susan McKay

"My son is a very decent, caring and well brought up young gentleman,"
said Mrs Irene Gilmour. Her son, Garfield (24), was convicted on Friday of
murdering the three little Quinn children, Jason (8), Mark (9) and Richard
(10). They burned to death after Gilmour’s accomplices hurled a massive
petrol bomb into their home on the Carnany estate in Ballymoney in the
early hours of the 12th of July last year.

Gilmour was the driver of the car in which the killers travelled. "My son
very innocently gave a couple of boys a lift," said Mrs Gilmour. "He did
it because he is a very obliging boy. If Garfield had had any idea of what
they were going to do, he would have done anything in his power to stop it
happening."

Mr Justice Liam McCollum did not think so. He told Belfast’s Crown Court
that Gilmour was a "resourceful liar"who had not disclosed his full
involvement in the murders. He might, in fact, have recruited others to
help him, because of a grudge he held against one of Chrissy Quinn’s
brothers. 

The judge referred to Gilmour’s confessions, which described "how Johnny
McKay and Raymond Parke…together left the car in which he had driven them
to Carnany Estate leaving Ivan Parke with him in the car." He was
satisfied that Gilmour was aware the Quinn’s house was going to be petrol
bombed, and that he waited in the car to enable the men to escape. He
noted that McKay and Parke were not on trial and that out of court
confessions by Gilmour were not evidence against them. 

Mrs Gilmour said her son would have been unable to believe that anyone
"could go and do that in cold blood." It wasn’t until he was arrested and
taken to Castlereagh five days later that "he realised what he was
involved with." But Mrs Gilmour was wrong. Her son had driven around the
estate and past the Quinn’s house the morning before the attack. Although
his grudge was against Colm Quinn, the house which was chosen was not his.
Gilmour knew that. He knew the little boys lived there and that at 4.30 in
the morning they would be in their beds asleep. He had seen the petrol
bomb glistening in the hand of the man who threw it. He described how the
petrol bombers had sprinted back to the car "pumped up as if they had done
a hard work out in the gym." 

Gilmour and the other killers were driving around Ballymoney while Chrissy
Quinn was woken by "the weans shouting, Mummy, smoke." They were driving
around when Richard pressed himself against the upstairs window crying out
that he was frightened and his feet were burning. They drove around for 10
minutes and then they drove back to Carnany to watch the blaze. By then
the firefighters had arrived and were risking their own lives to try to
reach the boys. 

The killers may even have watched as the three small charred bodies, each
of them curled up in the foetal position, were carried out of the ruins.
Gilmour knew all too well what he was involved with. He and his
girlfriend, Christine Loftus, slept with a machete under their bed. The
UVF Christmas cards which were found in their house that July were the
same as the ones which had been sent to at least 5 Catholic homes in
Carnany during the week before the murders. 

Underneath paramilitary insignia, the front of the cards had a little
verse: "Shall we from the Union sever/By the God that made us never."
Inside, there was a quote from Sir Edward Carson, "Wheresoever, howsoever
or wherever we are called upon to make our exit, we shall do so as free
men." The message scrawled across the cards was, "GET OUT NOW." A bullet
was enclosed. Justice McCollum said Gilmour knew the attack was by the UVF
and that it was sectarian.

Ballymoney refuses to believe it. Last week the level of hatred directed
at Chrissy Quinn was chilling. "We are all very angry about the whole
thing. It was a disgrace. She went out of her way to blacken the Orangemen
at Drumcree when it was nothing got to do with them. There is nobody has
any time for her in this town," said a middle aged, middle class woman
from the town’s bungalow belt. Ballymoney is in Paisley’s heartland, the
so called Bible Belt. The area has many ministers. One of them said,
"Tread very carefully because you are on dangerous ground. The truth has
not come out yet." He declined, however, to deliver "the truth" on the
record. 

His wife spoke about the television interview which Chrissy Quinn gave a
few days after the murders. "That reporter asked her was it to do with
Drumcree. He should have been skinned alive," she said. DUP councillor and
leading local Orangeman Davy Tweed said he did not believe the attack was
sectarian. "People live together peacefully in this town," he said. A year
before the attack, the DUP leader had told an Independent Orange Order
demonstration at nearby Ballycastle that "the entire pan nationalist
front"- ie Catholics – was "seeking the reincarnation of the beast of
fascism", the IRA. Last week, a local businessman said, "We could do
without you coming round here digging all this up again."

A UVF man said the UVF cards had not been sent by the UVF, and that
anyway, there was no connection between those threats and what happened to
the Quinns, which was nothing to do with the UVF either. PUP spokesman
Richard Rodgers said the attack was an atrocity which the PUP had
condemned. He said Carnany, where he lives, was "an okay place." The PUP
represents the UVF.

The Orange Order has responded to the jailing of Gilmour by claiming that
it has been vindicated. It has not. It was the Order’s stand at Drumcree
which lit the fuse of loyalist rage. The Carnany petrol bombing was the
most lethal of hundreds of acts of intimidation against Catholics across
the North that week. Men wearing Orange sashes and masks blocked roads and
hijacked cars. There was rioting in loyalist areas, including Carnany.
Certain paramilitary leaders instructed their members to keep away from
the violence. Others, including some in Co Antrim, encouraged full
participation. 

Loyalists armed with cudgels surrounded the nationalist village of Dunloy
one night that week, blocking all access routes. The villagers were ready
for them – the enmity between Dunloy nationalists and Ballymoney Orange
Order supporters is fierce. In 1997, members of a loyalist flute band were
among the crowd which kicked to death RUC man Greg Taylor. He had been on
the police lines which stopped a loyalist parade from going into Dunloy,
under a ruling by the Parades Commission. Ballymoney Protestants had
little good to say about Constable Taylor either. "He started that," was a
common comment. "It was nothing whatsoever to do with Dunloy," said Davy
Tweed.

The 11th night is always manic. Loyalists drink deep on the eve of the
Glorious Twelfth. As one Ballymoney Catholic put it, "They go clean mad."
It is not unusual to see banners reading, "Kill all taigs" fluttering over
the bonfires, and blazing up to cheers from the partying crowds. Last year
it was the eve of the day the Reverend Ian Paisley had described as "the
decider." He said the Orangemen would get down the Garvaghy Road. "They’d
be far better letting them down before the 12th of July, because anybody
here with any imagination knows what’s going to happen on the 12th of
July."

The little Quinns had gathered wood with their friends, and spent the
evening around the bonfire in Carnany. The Quinn family was mixed, and
although Chrissy was a Catholic, the boys went to the local Protestant
school. Many of the other Catholics attacked that week and in subsequent
months were similarly well integrated into predominantly Protestant areas. 
Gilmour and his cronies were at another bonfire in Ballymoney that night.
UVF men set up road blocks all around the town centre in support of
Drumcree. One such block had been cleared by the RUC shortly before the
gang arrived to kill the Quinns. Last week, a local paramilitary admitted,
boasted perhaps, that Ballymoney was a bit like Larne. "Catholics keep
their heads down," he said. A Ballymoney Catholic said that the only way
to get by in the town was to be "a green Orangeman". He said Catholics
were too cowed even to go out and vote for Nationalist councillors. 
Ballymoney regards itself as a respectable, law abiding town. Protestant
people speak about a "small minority" of "bad boys." Mr Justice McCollum
said Gilmour was from a "good family". Catholics and Protestants were
agreed that Irene Gilmour and her family were respectable, decent people.
Mrs Gilmour is a staff nurse at Coleraine hospital. Her husband, who is
ill, had been a civil servant. There was a family farm, which Garfield was
to take over. 

The Gilmour’s had done their best for their boy. He had gone to prep
school and to Dalriada College, a grammar school proud ocdf its liberal
tradition. He was working as a salesman, drove a good sized car. In other
words, Garfield Gilmour was a young man from a hard working and
respectable Protestant family, who had good prospects in life. He is also
the cold blooded murderer of three little boys. It appears that Ballymoney
cannot bear to face this terrible truth. Chrissy Quinn lost three of her
four children in the most appalling of circumstances. When the verdict was
read out in court on Friday, the ghost of a smile passed across her face. 

***********************************************

The Irish News
July 13, 1998
“Slaughter of the Innocents”
http://www.irishnews.com/k_archive/130798/nnews2.html

The Telegraph
July 13, 1998
“UVF 'linked to murders and death threats’”
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/et?ac=000132263537644&rtmo=keC7AYNp&atmo=99999999&pg=/et/98/7/14/nuls114.html

***********************************************

 

TOP

From: Irish Freedom Committee News List 
Sent: Tuesday, June 06, 2000 3:21 PM
Subject: European Court Rules Against Britain


European Court Rules Against Britain

The European Court of Human Rights has ruled today that a conviction in
1988, based on a confession made in the absence of an attorney and under
allegations of police abuse, is in breach of the European Convention of
Human Rights.

The decision showed that Gerard Magee “had been prevailed upon in the
coercive environment of Castlereagh Police Office to incriminate himself
without the benefit of legal advice”, and that the presence of an attorney
would have provided “a counterweight to the intimidating atmosphere
specifically devised to sap his will and make him confide in his
interrogators.” Mr. Magee’s requests to have an attorney present at the
time were refused.

This decision has far-reaching ramifications for the many hundreds of
convictions at Castlereagh or Gough Barracks in the past 12 years; most
of which were based on interviews made without the presence of an
attorney, and often under physical duress. 

Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights guarantees the right
of a fair trial, and the right to legal assistance.

The Court’s judgments are accessible on its Internet site:
http://www.echr.coe.int

The Irish Freedom Committee
www.irishfreedomcommittee.net
***********************************************

PRESS RELEASE 
MADDEN & FINUCANE SOLICITORS
GERARD MAGEE –V- UK GOVERNMENT

The European Court of Human Rights has today issued a judgement in respect
of the case of Gerard Magee in which the Court has found that the UK
Government is in breach of Article 6 of the European Convention of Human
Rights.
Gerard Magee was arrested in December 1988 and detained in Castlereagh
Holding Centre over two days without access to a solicitor. Access had
been deferred for 48 hours under the Prevention of Terrorism Act. He made
allegations of ill treatment while in custody and was interviewed in the
absence of a solicitor. 
The only evidence against Gerard Magee when he was subsequently tried was
his own statement which was extracted during the 48 hour period he was
denied access to a solicitor. Mr Magee was tried for possession of
explosives with intent and conspiracy to cause explosions and convicted by
a Diplock court in 1991 and sentenced to 20 years imprisonment. Mr Magee
appealed his conviction but this was dismissed by the Court of Appeal in
Northern Ireland in 1994. He subsequently lodged an application with the
European Court of Human Rights but served the majority of his 10 year
sentence.
In his European Application Mr Magee alleged that the admission extracted
from him at interview, which was obtained over the 48 hours he was denied
access to a solicitor, was in breach of his right to a fair trial under
Article 6 of the European Convention.
Patricia Coyle, Solicitor of Madden & Finucane, Solicitors, acting for Mr
Magee stated today "This decision, taken in conjunction with the European
Court’s decision in the case of Murray, raises the prospect that any
conviction over the last 12 years based on confessions obtained in
Castlereagh or Gough Barracks in the absence of a solicitor will be open
to challenge on the basis that they are unsafe and in breach of the right
to a fair trial."
***********************************************

PRESS RELEASE - Part 2
MADDEN & FINUCANE SOLICITORS
GERARD MAGEE –V- UK GOVERNMENT

JUDGMENT IN THE CASE OF MAGEE v. UNITED KINGDOM
6.6.2000

Press release issued by the Registrar

JUDGMENT IN THE CASE OF MAGEE v. UNITED KINGDOM

In a judgment [fn] notified in writing on 6 June 2000 in the case of Magee
v. the United Kingdom, the European Court of Human Rights held unanimously
that there had been a violation of Article 6 § 1 in conjunction with
Article 6 § 3(c) (right to a fair trial; right to legal assistance) of the
European Convention on Human Rights. It further held unanimously that
there had been no violation of Article 14 of the Convention taken in
conjunction with Article 6. Under Article 41 (just satisfaction) of the
Convention, the Court warded the applicant 10,000 pounds sterling in
respect of legal costs and expenses, minus the amount he received under
the Council of Europe’s legal aid scheme.

1. Principal facts

The applicant, Gerard Magee, an Irish citizen, was born in 1964 and lives
in Belfast, Northern Ireland.

On 16 December 1988 the applicant was arrested under section 12 of the
Prevention of Terrorism Act 1984 in connection with an attempted bomb
attack on military personnel. He was taken to Castlereagh Police Office.
He was refused access to a solicitor until 1 p.m. on 18 December 1988.
During that period he was questioned intensely by rotating teams of
detectives about his part in the bombing incident. He admitted to his
involvement at the 6th interview which took place between 9.30 a.m. and 1
p.m. on 17 December 1988 and signed a lengthy confession statement.The
applicant was convicted on 21 December 1990 by a judge sitting alone. The
applicant did not give evidence at his trial.

2. Procedure and composition of the Court

The application was lodged with the European Commission of Human Rights on
6 June 1994. The case was transmitted to the European Court of Human
Rights on 1 November 1998 and declared partly admissible on 14 September
1999. Judgment was given by a Chamber of seven judges, composed as
follows:Jean-Paul Costa (French), President,Willi Fuhrmann
(Austrian),Loukis Loucaides (Cypriot),Pranas Kuris (Lithuanian),Sir
Nicolas Bratza (British),Hanne Sophie Greve (Norwegian),Kristaq Traja
Albanian), judges,and also Sally Dollé, Section Registrar.

3. Summary of the judgment

Complaints

The applicant complained that his right to fair trial guaranteed under
Article 6 § 1 of the European Convention on Human Rights taken in
conjunction with Article 6 § 3 (c) had been breached. He further
complained that he had been discriminated against in breach of Article 14
taken in conjunction with Article 6 § 1.

Decision of the Court

Articles 6 § 1 and 6 § 3(c)The Court observed that no adverse inferences
were drawn by the trial judge from the applicant’s failure to testify at
his trial. It confined itself therefore to the central issue raised by the
applicant’s case, namely that he had been prevailed upon in the coercive
environment of Castlereagh Police Office to incriminate himself without
the benefit of legal advice.The Court noted that the applicant had made a
specific request to see a solicitor on arrival at Castlereagh Police
Office. However, a decision was taken to delay access and he was
questioned for more than forty-eight hours without having the benefit of
legal advice. During this time he was to all intents and purposes kept
incommunicado and intensively questioned by teams of police officers
operating in relays. In the Court’s view, the austerity of the conditions
of the applicant’s detention and his exclusion from outside contact were
intended to be psychologically coercive and conducive to breaking down any
resolve he may have manifested at the beginning of his detention to remain
silent. As a matter of procedural fairness the applicant should have been
given access to a solicitor at the initial stages of his interrogation as
a counterweight to the intimidating atmosphere specifically devised to sap
his will and make him confide in his interrogators. The Court further
noted that the caution administered to him at the start of the bouts of
nterrogation was an additional form of pressure which argued in favour of
allowing him to consult a lawyer.The Court did not dispute the findings of
the domestic courts that the applicant had not been subjected to
ill-treatment during his interrogation. However, it remained the case that
the applicant was deprived of legal assistance for over forty-eight hours
and the incriminating statements which he made at the end of the first
twenty-four hours became the central platform of the prosecution’s case
and the basis for his conviction.

The Court concluded that there had been a violation of Article 6 § 1 taken
in conjunction with Article 6 § 3(c) as regards the denial of access to a
solicitor. Article 14 The Court rejected the applicant’s arguments that he
was unfairly discriminated against since people arrested under prevention
of terrorism legislation in England and Wales are entitled to immediate
access to a solicitor. In the Court’s opinion, the difference in treatment
between people arrested and detained in Northern Ireland and those
arrested and detained in other parts of the United Kingdom under such
legislation is to be explained in terms of geographical location and not
personal characteristics of the type referred to in Article 14.
Accordingly there had been no violation of Article 14 of the Convention in
conjunction with Article 6.Article 41The Court awarded the applicant GBP
10,000 in respect of costs and expenses, minus the amount he received by
way of legal aid from the Council of Europe.

***The Court’s judgments are accessible on its Internet site
http://www.echr.coe.int).Registry of the European Court of Human Rights
F – 67075 Strasbourg Cedex

Contacts: Roderick Liddell (telephone: (0)3 88 41 24 92)
Emma Hellyer (telephone: (0)3 90 21 42 15)
Fax: (0)3 88 41 27 91

The European Court of Human Rights was set up in Strasbourg in 1959 to
deal with alleged violations of the 1950 European Convention on Human
Rights. On 1 November 1998 a full-time Court was established, replacing
the original two-tier system of a part-time Commission and Court.[fn]
Under Article 43 of the European Convention on Human Rights, within three
months from the date of a Chamber judgment, any party to the case may, in
exceptional cases, request that the case be referred to the 17-member
Grand Chamber of the Court. In that event, a panel of five judges
considers whether the case raises a serious question affecting the
interpretation or application of the Convention or its Protocols, or a
serious issue of general importance, in which case the Grand Chamber will
deliver a final judgment. If no such question or issue arises, the panel
will reject the request, at which point the judgment becomes final.
Otherwise Chamber judgments become final on the expiry of the three-month
period or earlier if the parties declare that they do not intend to make a
request to refer.
***********************************************

 

TOP

From: Irish Freedom Committee News List 
Sent: Monday, June 05, 2000 6:18 PM
Subject: Climate of Fear for Lawyers in North of Ireland


Climate of Fear for Lawyers in North of Ireland 

Over the weeekend a conference in Dublin revealed some of the very real
fears that human rights attorneys working in the Occupied Six Counties are
faced with, as they go about their business of representing communities
and individuals under the siege of State terrorism.

See "IFC at Notre Dame", (March 3, 2000 in the IFC Updates Archives), for
a related story on Eamonn McMenamen; an attorney with Derry's Pat Finucane
Center, who must live with the constant threat of attack as a matter of
day-to-day life.

We are also republishing a letter from Ed Lynch, Chairman of the Lawyer's
Alliance, in response to the British Government decision not to prosecute
the officers who had repeatedly threatened Rosemary Nelson with death.

Website for the Rosemary Nelson Campaign:
http://www.rosemarynelsoncampaign.com/

The Pat Finucane Center website:
www.serve.com/pfc

Website for the Lawyer's Alliance:
http://www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/Senate/3257/


The Irish Freedom Committee
www.irishfreedomcommittee.net
********************************************* 
The Irish Examiner
June 5, 2000

Climate of fear hanging over the legal profession in North

by Caroline O'Doherty 

CHARITIES supported by murdered human rights lawyer Rosemary Nelson were
unable to get legal representation because her death left solicitors too
scared to help.

A leading human rights organisation says it also has difficulty getting
solicitors to take on cases involving alleged offences by the security
forces in the North against both republican and loyalists victims because
of concerns for their safety. The climate of fear hanging over the legal
profession in Northern Ireland was highlighted at a weekend conference in
Dublin at which the families of Mrs Nelson and fellow human rights lawyer,
Pat Finucane, renewed calls for independent public inquiries into their
deaths.

The conference, hosted by the Irish Council for Civil Liberties (ICCL),
heard there was ample evidence that security forces either actively
assisted in the murders or did nothing to prevent them happening. Pat
Finucane's son, Michael, vice-chairperson of the ICCL, claimed at the time
of his father's death 11 years ago, there was a deliberate British
Government policy of targeting for murder those who were considered
dangerous or troublesome.

Mr Finucane said an independent inquiry was an essential part of the peace
process. "As long as the truth remains hidden and unclear, and as long as
the past remains indistinct and distorted, then forward progress is made
that much more difficult, if not impossible." Eunan Magee, the
schoolteacher brother of Rosemary Nelson, said his sister should never
have been subjected to death threats or abuse from those who claimed to
uphold the law. "No lawyer who is simply doing his or her work to the best
of their ability deserves to die for this reason. Rosemary, who had
integrity, decency, honest and believed in the rule of law, would not have
forgiven us should we not have at least tried to get justice for her."

The families' calls were backed by United Nations Special Rapporteur on
the Independence and Impartiality of Lawyers and Judges, Param
Cumaraswamy, and the British Irish Rights Watch organisation.

Mr Cumaraswamy said he found difficult to understand the British
government's failure to respond to the repeated demand for an independent
inquiry into Pat Finucane's death.

And while he had initially recommended that the police inquiry into
Rosemary Nelson's murder be given a chance, he now had concerns about it
and was eager to meet Colin Port, the Deputy Chief Constable in charge of
it.

"If Pat Finucane's murder had been totally investigated, including all
aspects of the security forces, Rosemary Nelson's life would have been
spared," he said.

British-Irish Rights Watch director, Jane Winter, applauded the
Government's call to the British authorities in February this year for a
new inquiry into Pat Finucane's murder, but she said the time had come to
repeat the demand and more forcefully than before. She also urged the
Government to take similar steps on behalf of Rosemary Nelson.

"If ever there was a chronicle of a death foretold, it was Rosemary's. The
only fitting memorial to her is for measures to be put in place to ensure
it never happens again." Ms Winter said the fear currently felt by lawyers
in the North posed a direct threat to the protection of human rights, both
their own and those of prospective clients.

"We are having a difficulty persuading solicitors to take up cases where
they might get a lot of publicity or be identified with the client they
are asked to represent."

Carmel McKenna, a voluntary worker at an education resource centre and
respite care unit Mrs Nelson supported, said it had been extremely
difficult to find a solicitor who would handle their service contracts and
other minor legal matters after her death.

A former colleague of Mrs Nelson at the legal practice she set up had to
take on the job because no one else would.

********************************************* 
Correspondence from Ed Lynch, Chairman of the US-based Lawyer’s Alliance,
and the British Government’s Independent Commission for Police
Complaints—- who have refused to prosecute the named RUC officers who
repeatedly issued death threats to Rosemary Nelson.
--------------------------

May 16, 2000

Dear Ladies and Gentlemen:

After more than one year of delay, the ICPC has finally responded
to my letters seeking a decision on the demand for discipline of the RUC
Officers identified as having issued death threats and obscene insults
against the late solicitor Rosemary Nelson.

The ICPC and the RUC will take no action to discipline these
miscreants.

In pertinent part ICPC Chief Executive Brian G. McClelland, BA,
MSSc wrote on May 8th in a letter received by me on May 16th, and stated
the following:

" At this stage, it is the responsibility of the Commission to
consider the disciplinaryaspects of the case, and decide whether any disciplinary action
should be instituted against any police officer if the Assistant Chief Constable has not
already decided to do so. In this particular case the Assistant Chief Constable does
not propose to take any disciplinary action because, in his opinion, there is
insufficient evidence to substantiate disciplinary charges.

The evidence presented in Commander Mulvihill's investigation
report has now been carefully considered by another Commission Member who had no part
in the investigation process. Disciplinary charges against police officers must be
proved beyond reasonable doubt at a hearing, this being the same high standard of proof that
is required to prove a criminal charge in the criminal court.After review of all the
evidence in the investigation report, it is the Commission's view that there is insufficient to
warrant bringing disciplinary charge against any police officer. In the circumstances, therefore,
the Commission agrees with the Assistant Chief Constable's opinion that no disciplinary
action is appropriate."


Yours Sincerely ------------------Chief Executive ICPC

----------------------------------------------

Edmund E. Lynch, Attorney and Chairman of the Lawyers Alliance for Justice
in Ireland, replies as follows to the ICPC decision:

" The Commission has labored mightily over many months to produce a
worthless product. 

Rosemary Nelson and at least 5 independent witnesses gave sworn
statements in 1997 and 1998 to the ICPC and Commander Mulvihill of New
Scotland Yard setting forth the identities and details of the RUC Officers
who insulted, threatened and warned Rosemary Nelson the she "would be dead"
if she continued to uphold her oath as a lawyer to honourably represent the
best interests of her clients. Now more than 2 years have passed, Rosemary
Nelson is dead, and these bold Officers walk free of even the slightest
conseqences. The identified Officers were not required to appear before a
hearing , give testimony under oath before a court of law or otherwise
subject themselves to legal test for their cowardly acts.

I ask Chief Executive McClelland and Chief Constable Flanagan what
message you intend to send to the rank and file of the RUC? That harasment
of a wife and mother is acceptable conduct? That no act or statement, no
matter how vile, will expose you to a disciplinary hearing? That you, as a
member of the RUC, are above the law?

What other conclusion can be drawn from the clean bill given by the
ICPC and the RUC to the men who dishourned every true and just member of
the RUC?

On the day that Rosemary Nelson was killed, Ronnie Flanagan called
my office and left word that no stone would be left unturned in the search
for those responsible for the dastardly act. I now understand more clearly,
that in the North of Ireland some stones are best left undisturbed. And
justice and good people continue to suffer.

Edmund Lynch Denville, NJ USA
Lawyer's Alliance for Justice

********************************************* 

(One year after Rosemary Nelson was assassinated, Padraigin Drynan, the
lawyer who took on Rosemary’s massive caseload, came forth with her own
safety concerns and instances of bomb threats.)

The Irish News
March 16, 2000

Crusading solicitor’s fears for her safety
By Sharon O’Neill

A BELFAST solicitor who has taken on the work of murdered lawyer Rosemary
Nelson last night vowed to continue her job despite claiming she was
refused personal protection by the RUC.

Padraigin Drinan yesterday alleged her plea for security was recently
turned down despite a catalogue of attacks and bomb threats spanning 10
years.

Ms Drinan, who succeeds the late Mrs Nelson as lawyer for the Garvaghy
Road Residents Coalition, claimed her application for personal protection
was turned down six weeks ago after an anxious six-month wait.
The solicitor said she had reported the incidents to the RUC, which
include an arson attack on her home, a bomb threat from the UDA and a
booby-trap incendiary device placed under her car.
Ms Drinan also believes her personal details, including a photograph, have
fallen into the hands of loyalists.

Furious that her protection plea appears to have fallen on deaf ears, she
said yesterday: “I have been refused key personnel protection by the chief
constable because he was not aware of any threats to my life. 

“It appears there is a difference between a threat and when the attack is
actually carried out. In my case, on each occasion, there was no threat.
It just happened.”

Ms Drinan revealed yesterday that she contacted both the Irish and British
governments two weeks ago, detailing the list of incidents, but as yet has
had no feedback.

“The RUC is well aware of the threats. They seem to be doing the same to
me as what they did to Rosemary.”

Despite fears for her life Ms Drinan, a close friend of the late Mrs
Nelson, added: “Before Rosemary died we chatted about the threats. I will
continue to do the work that Rosemary did and I hope that if anything
happens to me someone else will come along and do.

“I’m not being brave, it’s just the way things are – you get through it.
In a way I’m in a better position than Rosemary was – I don’t have
children. That was the difference, Rosemary was left with a family. I
don’t have that.”

An RUC spokeswoman last night said decisions about placing people on the
Key Persons Protection Register was a matter for the Northern Ireland
Office, adding: “We do not discuss the personal security of individuals.”
********************************************* 

 

From: Irish Freedom Committee News List 
Sent: Monday, June 05, 2000 5:08 PM
Subject: Bernadette Devlin McAliskey in NY


Bernadette Devlin McAliskey in NY

Bernadette Devlin McAliskey was in New York last month, speaking at an
event in Manhattan. The text of her speech is transcribed below. As
always she is brilliant, and succinct in her analysis of the
British-engineered "peace process", and "whose peace it is we are
currently processing."

****************************************
May 3, 2000
Bernadette Devlin McAliskey at Rocky Sullivan's, NYC
--------------------------

The Peace Process is…

A great deal has been written about the peace process and I’ve not written
a lot, but what I’ve written I think has mattered and you can read it if
you like. For where the peace process is, indeed what the peace process
is, very much depends on yourselves and where you are. Some people think
the peace process is the successful culmination of the 30-year struggle
for self-determination, sovereignty, social justice, equality—nevermind
socialism and all the hard bits—and that we are looking within the peace
process at the culmination of the success, at the just achievements, won
again through hard struggle and sacrifice. 

Other people, and here I’m talking about people on our side of the line if
you want to put that at its broadest point, other people within the broad
civil rights, civil libertarian, progressive democratic movement will say
that the peace process is the worst thing that has happened to us since we
lost the 1798 Rebellion. Others would say, well not quite, but certainly
since we lost the War of Independence; and others would say, well maybe
not quite, but certainly since we lost the Civil War. 

So where you are in the peace process, as I say, is really a test of where
your own politics lies. And that makes it quite different and quite
difficult for people to address the whole process, because what ought to
be an ideological, a political or even a pragmatic debate becomes very
much a personalised debate. And those of us who have right from the outset
warned against the dangers of embarking on this particular strategy to
bring the war to an end have been on the receiving end of considerable
personal animosity—based, I think, on people not being quite sure of
themselves about the nature of the political debate. So I’m going to talk
about things tonight and I’ll be taking some questions and answers later.
I would like to exclude as much as possible that kind of approach from the
discussion.

I don’t think anybody involved in the struggle over the past 30 years has
set about consciously to betray the struggle. I don’t think anybody who
has been part of the struggle for over 30 years is about to trade in a
good set of clothes and annual wage for their principles. I don’t think
that’s where it is at all. I think the real issue is about the process
itself. The real issue is to try and analyse and understand what exactly
is happening here and whose peace it is we are currently processing. And
if you look at it from that point of view, I think some very serious
questions have to be asked.

Decommissioning: A New Word

At the minute, within the peace process, we’re sort of at a point where
the key issues appear to be things like ‘decommissioning’. Decommissioning
is very interesting because prior to the existence of the peace process,
the word itself did not exist. Not even the process, not even the
strategy, but the word did not exist. 
Decommissioning, like a whole lot of words, are themselves the product of
the Irish peace process. There used to be commissioning, like you could be
a commissioned officer in an army or you could commission services—but you
either did or you didn’t. So the opposite of commissioning was not to
bother. You didn’t actually commission and then decommission. If you
commissioned something and then decided not to commission, it wasn’t
decommissioning, it was changing your mind and deciding not to commission
afterall. So when we talk about the IRA decommissioning, we’re really
talking about whether other people are changing their minds about whether
they will commission the IRA or not. When you see it like that, you say,
‘Look what has this got to do with any kind of realism?’ 

Decommissioning is not a real word; decommissioning is not a real concept;
and, decommissioning is not a real issue. 

But at the minute, people get bogged down in it because it has been a
consistent pattern from the beginning of this whole process to create a
situation for the simple purpose of diffusing it. And many people, if they
can move outside the complexities of the Irish situation will understand
this better from the concept of their own lives. How many people, for
example, have been told in their working lives, that things aren't going
well, the workers will have to take a wage cut. And everybody gets ready
to seek, and wish they had joined a union, and wonder how they could get
into one quick, and start to worry about their wages getting cut. Now at
somewhere in their heads they had been just about to ask for a wage rise;
but before they got time to ask for it, the employers came along and
announced that it was going to be necessary to have a wage cut. There is a
whole battle which ensues. The union leadership gets everybody to join and
declares a victory—that in order to maintain the solidarity of the
workforce and the recognition of the work that everybody has done,
everybody’s wages are going to remain static for the next three years.
And, everybody thinks they have won because they haven't had their wages
cut. And, everybody forgets that the discussion actually started with
people being entitled to more money. 

If you’re merely a consumer and you’ve gone into the shoppes to buy
things, the same policy works—people will tell you the cost of food is
going to rise dramatically. You want to rent an apartment; rents are going
to go up dramatically. And, when it doesn’t happen, you think you have won
something—even though they go up a bit. The whole peace process has worked
on the same basis. 

Unionists say…

The unionists say hell will freeze over before we share power with the
republicans. Now I don’t recall any fundamental tenet of republicanism
ever being that we would assist the unionists in sharing out British
controlled power. It was never a part of the discussion, but somehow
because the unionists said, they got the first blow in, they said, oh not
till hell freezes over will we allow the republicans to assist us to
administer British rule. Oh no we wont. Oh never, said Mr Paisley, never
never never! And the republicans said, Oh yes you will. And so we had the
‘Oh no we wont–Oh yes you will’ debate which led to a republican
‘victory’. The republicans won the right to assist the British government
in administering British rule and sharing British power with the
unionists—or as much as the British would allow either of them to have.
And so when we lost, we thought we had won. 

And then having got the principle over, and if you go back to the
beginning you’ll remember it, it was John Major, who with a straight face
in Parliament, said talking to Gerry Adams would make his stomach heave.
His stomach had been heaving for 6 stricken years, because that’s how long
he’d been in discussions with the republican movement! But he said
publicly that his stomach would heave if he had to talk to Gerry Adams and
everybody got upset. Decent American people got upset too, and said how
dare you be so rude and so racist and say that you wouldn’t talk to Gerry
Adams. So the republicans demanded, and the democrats demanded, that John
Major talk to Gerry Adams. But of course he’d been doing it for 6 years.
Now if that hadn't happened, we may all have taken a different point of
view when we discovered that Gerry Adams was talking to John Major. But by
the time we discovered it, we were on a whole different debate—we were on
the ‘right to be talked at’. 

The Right to be Talked At

As part of our human rights now, we have a right to be talked at! We have
a right to be sitting at every meeting and allowed to put an opinion on
every issue, none of which will be taken into account. But it is our basic
human right to be there. We all have a right—there is not a single party
to be held in Washington, not a cupcake to be eaten, not an invitation to
be sent out—that we have a fundamental freedom, and human rights under the
United Nations Charter of Human Rights, to an invitation. And we have
secured victory, because we got those things. And bit by bit, people have
convinced themselves that we have won major victories. 

Step back a minute and ask ourselves: what this was, what it was all
about? I mean, if all we wanted was to help the unionists share power in
the Northern Ireland Assembly, why didn’t we democratise Ulster when
Cathal Goulding asked us to? They were all there, this is not a new idea
(and Cathal Goulding had better politics, if you don’t mind me saying so,
when he was attempting to share power!) But if that’s what we wanted to
do, why didn’t we do it before 30 years of conflict and dying and killing
and going to prison all happened? Why didn’t we do it then? If that was
all that we wanted—was to share power with Fianna Fáil in the South of
Ireland, what was the difference between sharing the power now, Fianna
Fáil now, and sharing power with Cumann na nGaedheal then? What did we
fight the Civil War for, if we were prepared to administer shared power in
a partitioned state within the social order imposed upon us by the British
government? So never mind what did we fight this war for, what did we
fight the Civil War for? Why didn’t we listen to poor old Michael Collins?
Because we’re not saying anything different than he said then. The freedom
to win freedom, the freedom to work for freedom. 

And I don’t have a difficulty about people saying, ‘Time goes on
Bernadette, and we get older, and we get wiser, and we realise that maybe
that’s what we should have done’. I have absolutely no problem with that.
I think that’s inherent in everybody’s right to say if I had it to do
again, I might have done it differently. Maybe in retrospect, looking at
the way things happened and looking at the forces of power that developed,
maybe we should have gone down the ‘deomcratisation of Ulster’ road in the
early ‘70s. Maybe if we’re in a position now, where if we really want to,
at any cost, take the SDLP’s clothing and be the biggest social democratic
and vaguely Catholic party in the North of Ireland. Why didn’t we do that
in ’72? In fact, why didn’t everybody just join the SDLP and elbow John
Hume aside years ago? 

What is Republicanism?

If people want to say to me, that is maybe in retrospect what we should
have done, that’s fair enough. What worries me is when people say no no,
that’s not what we’re saying, what we are saying is that this is
fundamentally different—idealogically, socially, politically and
economically different—this is victory, this is victory for republicanism.
And I have to say, right, let’s go back to that very bottom point because
republicanism itself is not a flawless ideology. Republicanism comes of
the days of Thomas Paine and republicanism itself is being revised as we
go along. 

When we were coming in, just as an aside, when we were coming in to JFK,
probably those of you who live here don’t notice it anymore but the
beginning of the American Constitution is written along the wall, and as
you’re going along the walkway, you can read it you know. And my husband,
Michael, was suggesting, since this was his first time in through that
airport, he was suggesting that of all the ideas that we get from America
these days, we ought to incorporate this one so when people arrive in
Northern Ireland, the Special Powers Act should be written along the wall!
So people would know where they were coming. And it would say, ‘Welcome to
Northern Ireland. Police may enter your house at any time, they may come
and take you away. Aye, you can be interned, you will not get a lawyer.
You can be shot in the street. We run a shoot-to-kill policy here. Don’t
send for a lawyer, we shoot them too,’ and incorporate that good American
idea! 

But looking along, as I was looking at it, there are things we forget
about flaws in republicanism itself. The words in the American
constitution are actually very beautiful about equal rights and the rights
of people to secure their person, and the fundamental freedoms, and the
right of citizens to bear arms, and all this was written against a
background of slavery. All of this was written against the background
where key elements of our society got left off the equality equations.
And, republicanism as a concept has moved on in it’s best form to
recognise those weaknesses, and then as far as it can to incorporate
equality for all citizens, for all human beings. And that kind of
republicanism over the years has become socialist republicanism. And
republicanism in crisis has only one of two ways to go. In crisis,
republicanism as a democratic ideology will move towards socialism and
equality or it will move towards nationalism. 

And, when republicanism is forced to move, either left or even right, the
reality of our history is that Sinn Féin as an organisation has never
moved any way but right. James Connolly was not a member of Sinn Féin,
ladies and gentlemen, and Sinn Féin at a crucial point in their existence
took their politics back into the constitutional movement. So don’t be too
hard on Gerry Adams; he’s going the way of his forefathers. Every last one
of them in the leadership of the organisation went that way. And every
last one of them, within the leadership of labour movement as well, can
have that path laid out in front of them. I can see as clearly as they
must be able to see, as anybody who wants to look at it outside of issues
like trust and loyalty and pragmatism and personalities, that this is not
about good men or bad men or difficult women. This is about politics. 

And right through the history of our country at moments of clear crisis,
the republican ideology has been submerged. The republican ideology has
been abandoned for constitutional, nationalist all-class alliances. And
every time that it has happened, it has benefitted the greedy who aren't
the members of Sinn Féin—they’re the members of Fianna Fáil, they’re the
members of the unionist party, they’re the members of the national
bourgeoisie of Ireland. Every single time that this new alliance has been
created, the people who have suffered have been the poor in Ireland. The
dissidents in Ireland. The radicals in Ireland. The women in Ireland. And
at every single point, this kind of politics has been bad for the people
who have always mattered to us—bad for the people that mattered to the
leadership of Sinn Féin, and bad for republican politics—bad for
republicanism. 

The War is Over but the Struggle Continues

You would imagine that people would approach this with due caution and
care and be very very careful not to fall for any of the tricks of the
trade that have been pulled out in the past. And yet that hasn’t happened.
The people have not staggered, they have virtually stampeded towards
pacification. 

The war is over. 

Everybody knows the war is over. And that’s probably the only good thing
we have going for us at this point is that the war is over. Nobody likes
war and nobody wants war. The war came and the war is now over, but the
war is not won. And time will tell, in the fullness of time whether or not
the war was actually lost. But the war is over—win, lose or draw. 

The struggle continues and the struggle is immeasurably weakened by the
peace process. Immeasurably weakened. When the Downing Street Declaration
was first written, I wrote a small piece in response to it, and I said the
purpose of the Downing Street Declaration and the peace process which it
created was to demobilise, demilitarise and demoralise the republican
people of Ireland—and it has done all three. 

At this point, people will say to you, ‘Is the peace process stalling?’
No, it is not. The peace process is exactly where it is; it is exactly
where those who are controlling it want it to be. It is not stalling.
There is no panic here. This is just part of the choreography that has
taken place. It will go on whether the IRA part with a single bullet, part
with a single Armalite, part with a single ounce of Semtex—wont make any
difference, the peace process will go on and Sinn Féin will continue to be
drawn further and further into it. And they are now so far into it, it is
highly unlikely a) that they can be got out of it and b) that even if they
got out of it, its unwavering movement forward to advance the shared power
interest of the British and Irish governments, and the class of people
they represent, can’t in the short or relatively long term, be stopped, or
even be slowed down. 

How do I know the peace process will continue? It is important to the
Irish government that it continue. Not because their heart bleeds for me
or you, for the people who went to prison—these are the same class of
people who executed Joe McKelvey. This is the same class and government of
people that took republicans out during the war and shot them. This is the
government, the ideology and the politics that filled New York and Chicago
and San Francisco with the political dissidents it wouldn’t allow to earn
a living at home, and with wave after wave of immigrants it wouldn’t share
wealth with. And now those who have made their money are invited home to
join the wealthy. But let me tell you this, you see if you’re not hacking
it here folks, don’t count on Bertie pulling you out when you get home! It
will be up to Darndale, along with the rest, is where you’ll be and learn
to pull your socks up. These things aren't different. 

So why is Bertie stuck to enacting the peace process? It gives him a
stable society. It brings all the strands of nationalism back under his
leadership. What is the big discussion in the revolutionary leadership of
the most consistently fought struggle against British imperialism in the
history of Ireland? What is the key internal debate in the organisation at
the minute? On what terms will they sit in government with Fianna Fáil? I
have the simple answer to that for them all: Don’t lose any sleep over it
boys, it’ll be on the terms that Bertie lets you in! That’s the terms
you’ll sit with Bertie—on the terms he lets you in. And the terms he lets
you in are that you sit in power in the North first, that you go through
the cleansing ritual and be a safe pair of hands for government. And that
means, whether you like it or not, there’ll be less talk about socialism,
unless its me that’s doing the talking, there is no talk about socialism
anyway. And unless you’re buying Fourthwrite (second issue which will be
out very shortly) there’s nobody writing about socialism. 

But what does it mean for the people? What does it mean for the people on
the ground, apart from that the fact the war is over and that there are
maybe less soldiers on the street that can be brought out. That maybe
fewer people are being killed by loyalists because its not politically
suitable. But there is nothing in place to stop those things from all
coming back again, if and when we need to be threatened. So all that we
have at the minute is the absence of war and the existence of large
amounts of European money.

What do the British get out of the peace process?

So what do the British get out of the peace process? The
de-militarisation, the de-radicalisation, the de-mobilisation of the
resistance movement in the North. It is demoralised. The most radical
thing it can do now is vote to increase the Nationalist agenda by moving
1) Sinn Féin, 2) SDLP—as if we were all mates out of the same stable or 1)
SDLP and 2) Sinn Féin because there are no differences, no ideological
differences between these people any more, because there’s no war. 

So what did the British get? The British got, as I say, stabilising,
demilitarising, mobilising and caught in the expenditure of war. That has
great feedback in inward American investment, which is what the Americans
got as well. They got rid of the annoying and irritating insistence
constitutionally by the people of Ireland that the territory didn’t belong
to them. It’s gone. Now we used to have these debates about whether or not
you would go to the United Nations on the basis of the Constitution. That
debate is no longer valid because of people of the South of Ireland, while
Sinn Féin kept its mouth shut, dropped a right that they didn’t even own!
And, that was a right to abandon the North—but it’s gone. 

So if the peace process falls apart and the North’s teachta go with it,
and the ministerial North-South-East-West Council of something or other
goes with it, and we have to go back to the drawing board, by what right
is Bertie Ahern at the table? By what right, if this agreement goes by the
board, and it’s back to the drawing board and start again, and all the
interested parties who have a right to determine the future of the North
of Ireland are called to another conference. What will be on the
invitation to the government of the 26-county Republic of Ireland? What
will distinguish them from the French government or the German government
or any other member state of the European Union to come in and mind
somebody else's business? They have no standing if this agreement falls to
play ball in the next round. 

So Britain got pacification, got a stable society, got rid of the annoying
interference such as it was or potential interference from the South. It
doesn’t actually have to put up with unionist rule because it may never
happen. The British don’t care if it doesn’t happen. The place is actually
cheaper to run the way it is now. Pay the secretary of state, pay the
civil service. It would be a bonus if you could get somebody else to take
the blame for political and social and economic weaknesses of the country.
But it’s not necessary. The British can run the country very easily. So it
doesn’t matter if the peace process doesn’t move another inch, it actually
doesn’t matter—the British are in a better position than they were in
before they started it. 

What do the Irish get out of the peace process?

Now as I say, the Irish government from our point of view is in a worse
position because we don’t have the constitutional position on which to
push the government into constitutional action, into non-violent,
political international action. We don’t have it. But they may not want
it—the Irish government to be able to get up the next time around and say,
‘Look I’m very sorry, it’s not our fault. The people voted.’ And so they
did; it’s the people’s fault, and ignorance is no defence, and stupidity
is less. The people voted to abandon the North, and it remains abandoned.
Now the people have to vote in a referendum to change it; but, the
government has to hold the referendum first. Do you think that any
government in the South of Ireland is going to hold a referendum to ask
the people to allow them to get themselves into the mess it taken them all
this time to get out of. So they’re alright. 

But if all falls through, and Sinn Féin stop jumping through hoops, what
position will they be in? What of the gains that they have made for
themselves or for the people will they be able to hold on to? American
visas? Not a chance. They’ll not be let into this country if they don’t
behave themselves. We’ve all been there, we know what that’s like. They’ll
be no more big dinners courtesy of the Democratic Party because it will
not be fashionable any longer to be seen on the arm of shinners. All that
they have in this myth of American support can go like that. And of course
the good people who fought the good fight to get them the visibility and
get the doors opened that were opened will continue that fight. But the
door will be shut. 

Peter King will always be there doing what Peter King has always done, but
Peter also remembers when the door was shut in his face. And that door can
be shut again, and voting is a great invention. There are people in this
room and people not in this room, who want to know whoever gave the people
the vote anyway, because they do the most ridiculous things with it. And,
the people who have gone out in their droves and voted for Sinn Féin, who
never lifted their finger for human rights. And there are many hundreds of
people, thousands of people, who voted for Sinn Féin when the penalty for
it was getting shot. And, there are many decent men and women standing for
Sinn Féin in elections now who stood for election when the penalty for
standing for election was getting shot. And there were kids and older
people who went out and worked and put up posters for republicans when you
got crucified for it. 

But there is a new breed of voter, who used to vote for the SDLP, now
they’re voting for Sinn Féin—not because they had a radical change of
heart, but because Gerry Adams is younger, smarter and better looking than
John Hume. And he’s going to be around longer. Now once he cannot deliver,
once he cannot deliver, that insulting vote will walk away again—will walk
away again to a safer pair of hands, and they’ll be back where they
started. 

And so you say, how did they get in to the peace process and why don’t
they get out of it? At some point there is a dignity in when you can do
nothing else, gathering your dignity and walking away. And even of this
era, if they could do that, instead of running off to Westminster
demanding that Stormont be put back together again so they can sit in it
and play revolutionary politics. Why don’t they just send a message to Mr
Blair saying, ‘look, been there/done it, when yous are serious about
resolving, conflict resolving problems, you know where we live,’ and then
just walk away from it? They can’t. They can’t because so much energy has
been vested in it. They can’t because it’s a very seductive system and far
too many of their own people now like it. 

It’s Like a Funnel

When I came here in whatever it was, ’94, and I said at the time where it
was all going, nobody believed me. I counselled them not to be blaming
Gerry Adams when it went to where it was inevitably going, because it was
very clear that that’s where it was going and when it would come to this
point, he would have very choices left because it’s like a funnel. 

There will be people in the four corners of the world in military and
political academies studying the absolute genius of this British strategy.
And when they get up to draw the diagram, the diagram will be the funnel.
How people were got to the lip, and each option they made, and each choice
they made, actively limited the number of choices then open to them, and
increased the chances of them having to choose the only choice the British
wanted them to make the next time around. And each time they did it, the
funnel got narrower. 
And Sinn Féin are now hanging by their finger nails. You know the wee
narrow bit that goes right inside the neck of the bottle? That’s where
they are. And the slope down has got steeper. They’re already inside the
bottle but they’re still hanging on to the funnel. And it’s very very hard
for them to start that climb back. If Gerry Adams, I believe, turned now,
the majority of his own party wouldn’t come with him because for some it’s
too steep a climb back and for others there's a nice warm breeze, and nice
smell, and I don’t know what it is in that bottle, but far too many people
like it and they’re happier to move on in. 

The reality, however, is that it has nothing to do with politics as we
know it, nothing to do with the things that those of us who are
republicans believe in, nothing to do with carrying forward the ideology
and the struggle and the capacity to create an independent, sovereign,
free and socialist Ireland. Not even an independent, free and democratic
Ireland. The game has changed. And as I said at the beginning, every human
being is entitled to change their position in life. Everybody is entitled
to say, ‘Could you stop the bus for a moment? I want to get off here.’ But
nobody is entitled, and there’s a man at the top of O’Connell Street who
says it all the time, ‘nobody even looks the road he’s on.’ Charles G
Parnell said, ‘nobody has a right to put a halt to the march of a nation.’
And Sinn Féin do not have the right, and the peace process does not have
the right to say, ‘this is where the bus stops, this is the terminal, this
is where everybody gets off,’ because this has nothing to do with the
things we struggled for. This has nothing to do with equality, nothing to
do with human rights, nothing with the working class, nothing to do with
socialism. 

This is how yet again the British buy in to constitutional politics the
leadership of the revolutionary movement. Its about nothing more and
nothing less. And it is a measure of the length of the struggle, the
loyalty of the people and the calibre of the leadership that so many
people followed them to their own destruction. 
Thank you. 

****************************************

TOP

From: Irish Freedom Committee News List 
Sent: Saturday, June 03, 2000 4:34 PM
Subject: The New Face of British Occupation

The New Face of British Occupation

As announcements come forth in the news today about British Government
promises to recall soldiers and dismantle a number of army installations
across the north, a far more insidious British occupation is establishing
itself in all of our homes and lives, regardless of where we live. 

"'If you want a picture of the future, imagine a boot stamping on a human
face -- for ever'" 
1984, George Orwell, 1949


The Irish Freedom Committee NewsList
www.irishfreedomcommittee.net
***************************************************

Scientific American
June 2000
COMPUTERS - PRIVACY 
Paul Wallich

The Orwell Awards
In recognition of efforts to trample personal liberties on the electronic
frontier

TORONTO--1984 was 16 years ago, but the culture of surveillance is still
in full swing, say privacy advocates who gathered for the Orwell Awards
2000, presented at the 10th annual Conference on Computers, Freedom and
Privacy. In a ceremony that opened to the rousing strains of South Park's
"Blame Canada," Simon Davies of Privacy International in Washington, D.C.,
presented the "honors" to those in the U.S. deemed by a panel of judges to
have posed the worst threats to privacy in the past year. 
Davies, dressed as the glossy-pated Dr. Evil from the Austin Powers films,
started with the Worst Single Project category, whose laurels went to the
Federal Aviation Administration's idea to deploy whole-body x-ray scanners
in U.S. airports. A fictitious "Dr. Milton Exray," accepting the award on
behalf of the FAA, extolled future developments, including ultrasound and
DNA profiling to take pictures of potential terrorists even before they
are born. 
(Such fantasies of state intrusion may have been superfluous in the face
of real government initiatives such as the U.K.'s proposed Regulation of
Investigatory Powers statute, which would compel citizens to decrypt any
file that a law-enforcement official believes to contain data needed for
an investigation. Those who fail to do so and cannot prove they have lost,
forgotten or destroyed the presumed key could face two years in jail.) 

(For rest of story go to:
http://www.sciam.com/2000/0600issue/0600scicit6.html )

***************************************************
The Guardian

Hooked on secrecy 

Knowledge is therapeutic. Let it flow 

Thursday June 1, 2000 

Peter Taylor's towering trilogy about Northern Ireland came to a close on
BBC2 last night. It has been an extraordinary series in which terrorists,
soldiers, politicians and spies have spoken frankly about the last 30
years in a troubled corner of the United Kingdom. Only a journalist of his
standing could have persuaded people from all sides of this conflict to
cooperate in such a manner. The result was a first rate piece of
journalism. It was also first rate history. Much that has hitherto been
obscure or hidden was revealed or clarified for the first time. More
satisfying still, the programmes also felt as though they were some part
of a process of truth and reconciliation. There was a feeling of closure
in the way that former enemies were willing to speak about their spent
hatreds and grim deeds. 
Apart from what the series told us about Northern Ireland there are two
wider points to be made. One is about the BBC. The entire series took five
years to make. It was never going to reach a mass audience (though many
serious newspapers and magazines would be pleased to reach its audience of
1.5m). It involved thousands of hours of research, a hundred hours of
filming and, in Peter Taylor's case, a lifetime of contacts and reading.
It is no coincidence that the other outstanding documentary series of the
past five years, Norma Percy's The Death of Yugoslavia, was also
commissioned and shown by the BBC. Every time a Murdoch tabloid sneers at
the BBC, remember these two series. There is still such a thing as serious
television journalism in this country and it appears to be increasingly
pointless to expect it any more from ITV. There was some small irony that
the last episode of Mr Taylor's series coincided with the Independent
Television Commission asking whether public service broadcasting can be
sustained - or is even "needed" - any longer on commercial channels. 
The second point concerns the role of journalists in informing citizens
about what the security services do in their name. Peter Taylor had no
cooperation from the Ministry of Defence in tracking down and speaking to
former members of the intelligence community in Northern Ireland. Some of
those he did trace were warned against speaking to him, with the threat of
ostracism or financial penalty. We can confidently predict that those who
defied these threats will not be prosecuted. Mr Taylor's reputation for
responsible film-making is so well established that it would be madness to
pick on those who cooperated with him. 
Colonel Nigel Wylde, a holder of the Queen's Gallantry Medal for his work
in Northern Ireland, is less fortunate. He is currently being prosecuted
under the Official Secrets Act for allegedly helping the author Tony
Geraghty with research. The MoD has nine injunctions in place against
former soldiers preventing them from publishing books or speaking out. The
government also has an injunction preventing the Sunday Times and its
Irish correspondent Liam Clarke from writing about collusion between army
intelligence officers and Loyalists. The Guardian and its sister paper,
the Observer, are both being pursued by the police to hand over material
which might incriminate the former MI5 officer, David Shayler. The former
head of MI5, Stella Rimington, is being demonised for writing an account
of her time in the security services. A secret offshoot of the cabinet
office's joint intelligence committee, chaired by a diplomat, Michael
Pakenham, is reported to be behind these Draconian attempts to pursue
individuals, with Mr Blair's blessing. 
At the same time the government is passing still further laws jeopardising
journalists working in this area. The Regulation of Investigatory Powers
Bill extends existing bugging and tapping powers to all forms of
communication, including mobile phones, emails and pictures sent
electronically. The police would find it much easier to acquire data,
including addresses of emails sent and received as well as websites hit
and browsed by journalists, who could then no longer guarantee the
security and identity of their sources. The Terrorism Bill, also going
through the Lords, makes it an offence for anyone - including journalists
- not to disclose to the police any information obtained about the
activities or intentions of "terrorists", or those they suspect of being
"terrorists" - a term capable of very broad definition. All this is on top
of a "Freedom of Information" Bill exempting all disclosures about the
security services as well as any information which "would prejudice the
effective conduct of public affairs". 
Labour's FoI Act would have been no help to Peter Taylor. He could, in
future, be prosecuted under no fewer than three further acts for the sort
of programmes he makes. This government may have few liberal instincts.
But self-preservation alone should surely hold it back from alienating
every single journalist in the land by its current coordinated assaults on
free speech. 

**************************************************
(Poster’s note: This independent action by the ICCL to the European
Courts comes without backing of the Dublin Government, which in January of
this year accepted British assurances that phones were not tapped
“indiscriminately”—see accompanying story below.)

-----------------------

The Irish Times
Thursday, June 01, 2000

Phone taps breached civil rights - ICCL 

By Roddy O'Sullivan 

The Irish Council for Civil Liberties (ICCL) yesterday applied to the
European Court of Human Rights for a declaration that its staff and
clients' civil rights were breached by telephone taps carried out by the
British government. 

The ICCL, the British National Council for Civil Liberties and
British-Irish Rights Watch say they are concerned about a Channel 4 report
last summer that from 1990 to 1997 all telephone, fax, email and data
communications between Ireland and Britain were intercepted by the
Ministry of Defence. 

In their court application the organisations say they were in regular
contact at the time with people who sought their help with alleged
violations of civil liberties and human rights. The alleged interception
means "their capacity to give legal advice has been damaged and their
ability to work together with human rights organisations has been
adversely affected". 

They are seeking compensation for what they believe to be a breach of
Articles 8 and 13 of the European Convention on Human Rights. 

Channel 4 reported that an electronic test facility at Capenhurst,
Cheshire, was being used by the UK Department of Defence to intercept
public telecommunications carried on microwave radio. It said the
interceptions were to combat terrorism, but the information gathered was
also of economic and commercial significance. 

The data were gathered without the necessary warrants under the
Interception of Communications Act 1985, according to Channel 4. A Home
Office spokesman refused to comment at the time. 

The facility was closed down in 1998. Most telecommunications traffic is
now transmitted via fibre optic cables. 

Following the report, the Government instructed the Irish Ambassador to
Britain, Mr Ted Barrington, to investigate the matter. He met the
Under-Secretary at the Foreign Office, Mr David Manning, in London that
month and submitted a two-page report to the Government in August. Sources
said his report was inconclusive. 

All three civil rights organisations have already lodged complaints with
the Interception of Communications Tribunal in the UK. They have also
asked the British Director of Public Prosecutions and the Metropolitan
Police to investigate the interceptions. 

The tribunal concluded that there had been "no contravention" of the Act,
while the police said their inquiries had not revealed an offence. The
organisations' application to the court alleges that the Act allows
interference with telephonic communications for any purpose. The
intercepted material is later "sifted" to discover if the material falls
within the scope of a warrant. The scheme therefore does not prohibit
interferences which are outside the scope of the Act, the application
claims. 

It says the interference "does not correspond to a pressing social need,
is not proportionate to the legitimate aim pursued and the reasons given
by the national authority to justify the interference are not relevant and
sufficient". 

The Capenhurst facility on the England-Wales border comprised a windowless
47-metre tower which cost £20 million to build. It had three floors of
aerial galleries on top of eight floors of electronics. It could intercept
10,000 simultaneous telephone channels coming from Dublin to London and on
to the Continent.

***************************************************
Canadian National Post
Monday, May 29, 2000

Airlines will feed profiles to customs

Jim Bronskill
Southam News 

OTTAWA - The federal customs agency plans to assemble computerized
profiles of people who fly into Canada. 

The proposal involves commercial airlines collecting personal and travel
information from passengers, then transferring it to Canadian customs and
immigration officials before the plane touches the ground. 

The agencies would use the information to create profiles and select
"high-risk" travellers, such as possible drug smugglers, for detailed
questioning. 

The information would include the person's name, gender, citizenship,
nationality and itinerary as well as seating arrangements, number of bags,
date of reservation and travel agent. 

A combination of certain details might flag a passenger for scrutiny. For
example, officials have apparently come to associate drug dealers with
frequent cancellations and last-minute bookings. 

A decision to subject a traveller to detailed questioning would rest with
customs officers, who would be able to compare the information supplied by
an airline with other data, such as a person's criminal background. 

Objections from the office of Bruce Phillips, the federal privacy
commissioner, prompted customs and immigration officials to drop demands
for lifestyle information, including a traveller's income, class of
ticket, dietary preferences and whether meals were eaten on the plane.
Officials assume passengers smuggling drugs in their stomachs would be
unlikely to eat during the flight. 

The privacy commissioner questioned how some of the information was
relevant to an assessment of an individual's right to enter Canada, and
doubted the airlines' ability to provide the details. 

***************************************************

The Chicago Tribune 
May 11, '00

BRITAIN PLANS SPY CENTER FOR PRIVATE E-MAIL

Associated Press

LONDON- The British government plans to set up a spy center capable of
tracking every e-mail and Internet hit in the country, a move it says will
help fight cyber-crime but which civil libertarians contend heralds the
arrival of an Orwellian state.

The new cyber-snooping base, which will bear the unassuming title of 
Government Technical Assistance Center, reportedly will be housed within
the fortresslike London headquarters of the MI5 spy agency.

It will be established as part of the Regulation of Investigatory Powers
Bill, which is expected to become law this fall.

"We regard it as an outrageous piece of legislation," Said Yaman Akdeniz,
director of the watchdog group Cyber-Rights and Cyber Liberties.

As part of the bill, Internet service providers will have to establish
secure channels to transmit information about Internet traffic to the
government cyber-center.

The bill also gives law-enforcement authorities the power to demand that
Internet users hand over the keys to decode encrypted messages, commonly
used by business and in e-commerce transactions.

The legislation is wending its way through Parliament, but the government
already has established a so-called encryption coordination unit to
oversee creation of the $40 million spy center.

The government argues the bill protects individual rights, setting out
strict safeguards.

***************************************************
MI5 GTAC e-mail surveillance

The Sunday Times 
April 30 2000 BRITAIN

MI5 builds new centre to read e-mails on the net 
Nicholas Rufford 

MI5 is building a new £25m e-mail surveillance centre that will have the
power to monitor all e-mails and internet messages sent and received in
Britain. The government is to require internet service providers, such as
Freeserve and AOL, to have "hardwire" links to the new computer facility
so that messages can be traced across the internet. 

The security service and the police will still need Home Office permission
to search for e-mails and internet traffic, but they can apply for general
warrants that would enable them to intercept communications for a company
or an organisation. 

The new computer centre, codenamed GTAC - government technical assistance
centre - which will be up and running by the end of the year inside MI5's
London headquarters, has provoked concern among civil liberties groups.
"With this facility, the government can track every website that a person
visits, without a warrant, giving rise to a culture of suspicion by
association," said Caspar Bowden, director of the Foundation for
Information Policy Research.

The government already has powers to tap phone lines linking computers,
but the growth of the internet has made it impossible to read all
material. By requiring service providers to install cables that will
download material to MI5, the government will have the technical
capability to read everything that passes over the internet. 

Home Office officials say the centre is needed to tackle the use of the
internet and mobile phone networks by terrorists and international crime
gangs.Charles Clark, the minister in charge of the spy centre project,
said it would allow police to keep pace with technology. 

"Hardly anyone was using the internet or mobile phones 15 years ago," a
Home Office source said. "Now criminals can communicate with each other by
a huge array of devices and channels and can encrypt their messages,
putting them beyond the reach of conventional eavesdropping." 

There has been an explosion in the use of the internet for crime in
Britain and across the world, leading to fears in western intelligence
agencies that they will soon be left behind as criminals abandon the
telephone and resort to encrypted e-mails to run drug rings and illegal
prostitution and immigration rackets. 
The new spy centre will decode messages that have been encrypted. Under
new powers due to come into force this summer, police will be able to
require individuals and companies to hand over computer "keys", special
codes that unlock scrambled messages. 
There is controversy over how the costs of intercepting internet traffic
should be shared between government and industry. Experts estimate that
the cost to Britain's 400 service providers will be £30m in the first
year. 

Internet companies say that this is too expensive, especially as many are
making losses. 

About 15m people in Britain have internet access. Legal experts have
warned that many are unguarded in the messages they send or the material
they download, believing that they are safe from prying eyes. 

"The arrival of this spy centre means that Big Brother is finally here,"
said Norman Baker, Liberal Democrat MP for Lewes. "The balance between the
state and individual privacy has swung too far in favour of the state." 

***************************************************
January 25, 2000
Republic accepts bug denials
By Staff Reporter

THE Irish government yesterday accepted British denials that telephone
calls, faxes and e-mails from Ireland were systematically bugged for a
decade.

Charges made in a Channel 4 TV programme last year centred on activities
at a monitoring tower in Cheshire and subsequent Dublin requests for an
explanation encountered diplomatic rebuffs.

But after bi-lateral talks with Foreign Secretary Robin Cook in Brussels
today during a European Union General Affairs meeting, Irish Foreign
Minister David Andrews said he was satisfied that there had been no
indiscriminate interception of calls.

Mr Cook stressed that the only calls monitored had been those linked to
potential threats to security.

*************************************************** 
Read George Orwell’s “1984”, in its entirety, On-Line:
http://kulichki-lat.rambler.ru/moshkow/ORWELL/r1984ch1.txt

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